What is zafirlukast? Zafirlukast is a leukotriene (loo-koe-TRY-een) inhibitor that is used to prevent asthma attacks in adults and children as young as 5 years old. Zafirlukast may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Warnings Tell your doctor right away if you have signs of blood vessel inflammation: flu-like symptoms, severe sinus pain, a skin rash, numbness or a "pins and needles" feeling in your arms or legs. Stop taking zafirlukast and call your doctor right away if you have any unusual changes in mood or behavior (such as agitation, confusion, depression, sleep problems, compulsive behaviors, hallucinations, or suicidal thoughts or actions). Before taking this medicine You should not use zafirlukast if you are allergic to it, or if you have liver disease (including cirrhosis). Tell your doctor if you have ever had liver disease. Not approved for use by anyone younger than 5 years old. The chewable tablet may contain phenylalanine and could be harmful if you have phenylketonuria (PKU). It is not known if zafirlukast will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. You should not breastfeed while using zafirlukast. How should I take zafirlukast? Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Use the medicine exactly as directed. Zafirlukast is not a fast-acting rescue medicine for asthma attacks. Seek medical attention if your breathing problems get worse quickly, or if you think your medications are not working. Take on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. Your dose needs may change due to surgery, illness, stress, or a recent asthma attack. Do not change your dose or stop using asthma medication without your doctor's advice. Keep using zafirlukast as directed, even if you have no asthma symptoms. If you take oral steroid medicine, do not stop it suddenly. Ask your doctor about tapering your dose. Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Keep the bottle tightly closed when not in use. What happens if I miss a dose? Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. What should I avoid while taking zafirlukast? Avoid situations or activities that may trigger an asthma attack. Zafirlukast side effects Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives, blisters, severe itching; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Tell your doctor right away if you have signs of blood vessel inflammation: flu-like symptoms, severe sinus pain, a skin rash, numbness or a "pins and needles" feeling in your arms or legs. Some people using zafirlukast have had new or worsening mental problems. Stop taking zafirlukast and call your doctor right away if you have unusual changes in mood or behavior, such as: agitation, aggression, feeling restless or irritable; anxiety, depression, confusion, problems with memory or attention; stuttering, tremors, uncontrolled muscle movements; suicidal thoughts or actions; hallucinations, sleep problems, vivid dreams, sleep-walking; or compulsive or repetitive behaviors. Also call your doctor at once if you have: worsening or no improvement in your asthma symptoms; or liver problems--nausea, loss of appetite, stomach pain (upper right side), tiredness, itching, dark urine, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Common side effects may include: nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain; headache; or cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.   Zafirlukast dosing information Usual Adult Dose for Asthma -- Maintenance: -20 mg orally twice a day, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals Comments: -A dose of 20 mg twice daily was not associated with an increase in the overall incidence of adverse events or withdrawals in elderly patients. Use: Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma Usual Pediatric Dose for Asthma -- Maintenance: Less than 5 years: The safety and effectiveness has not been established. 5 to 11 years: -10 mg orally twice a day, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals 12 years or older: -20 mg orally twice a day, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals Use: Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma   What other drugs will affect zafirlukast? Tell your doctor about all your other medicines, especially: erythromycin; fluconazole; theophylline; or warfarin, Coumadin, Jantoven. This list is not complete. Other drugs may affect zafirlukast, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible drug interactions are listed here.

What is zaleplon? Zaleplon is a sedative that is used to treat insomnia. zaleplon causes relaxation to help you fall asleep and stay asleep. Zaleplon may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Warnings Some people using this medicine have engaged in activity while not fully awake and later had no memory of it. If this happens to you, stop taking zaleplon and call your doctor right away. Serious injury or death could occur if you walk or drive while you are not fully awake. Before taking this medicine You should not use zaleplon if you are allergic to it, or if you have ever taken sleep medicine and engaged in activity you later don't remember. Zaleplon is not approved for use by anyone younger than 18 years old. Tell your doctor if you have ever had: liver or kidney disease; a breathing disorder; depression, mental illness, or suicidal thoughts; or drug or alcohol addiction. You should not take zaleplon if you are pregnant. You should not breastfeed while using zaleplon. The sedative effects of zaleplon may be stronger in older adults. Accidental falls are common in elderly patients who take sedatives. Use caution to avoid falling or accidental injury while you are taking zaleplon. How should I take zaleplon? Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Use the medicine exactly as directed. Zaleplon may be habit-forming. Misuse can cause addiction, overdose, or death. Keep the medication in a place where others cannot get to it. Selling or giving away zaleplon is against the law. Zaleplon will make you fall asleep. Never take this medication during your normal waking hours, unless you have several hours to dedicate to sleeping. Zaleplon is for short-term use only. Do not take zaleplon for longer than 5 weeks without your doctor's advice. Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 7 to 10 days of treatment, or if they get worse. Do not stop using zaleplon suddenly after taking it over several days in a row, or you could have unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Ask your doctor how to safely stop using this medicine. Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Keep track of your medicine. You should be aware if anyone is using it improperly or without a prescription. Insomnia symptoms may also return after you stop taking zaleplon, and may be even worse than before. Tell your doctor if you still have worsened insomnia after the first few nights without taking zaleplon. What happens if I miss a dose? Since zaleplon is taken only at bedtime, you will not be on a frequent dosing schedule. Never take this medication if you do not have several hours to sleep before being active again. Do not take two doses at one time. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. An overdose of zaleplon can be fatal, especially when it is taken together with other medications that can cause drowsiness. Overdose symptoms may include severe drowsiness, confusion, loss of coordination, severe muscle weakness, weak or shallow breathing, fainting. What should I avoid while taking zaleplon? Avoid taking zaleplon during travel, such as to sleep on an airplane. You may be awakened before the effects of the medication have worn off. Amnesia (forgetfulness) is more common if you do not get the equivalent of a full night's sleep after taking zaleplon. Do not drink alcohol. Dangerous side effects or death could occur. Avoid taking zaleplon with food or right after eating a high-fat or heavy meal. This will make it harder for your body to absorb the medicine. Zaleplon can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. You may still feel sleepy the morning after taking the medication. Until you know how zaleplon will affect you during waking hours, be careful if you drive, operate machinery, pilot an airplane, or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert. Zaleplon side effects Zaleplon may cause a severe allergic reaction. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; nausea and vomiting; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Some people using this medicine have engaged in activity while not fully awake and later had no memory of it. This may include walking, driving, or making phone calls. If this happens to you, stop taking zaleplon and call your doctor right away. Serious injury or death could occur if you walk or drive while you are not fully awake. Call your doctor at once if you have: anxiety, depression, aggression, agitation; memory problems, unusual thoughts or behavior; thoughts of hurting yourself; or confusion, hallucinations (hearing or seeing things). Common side effects may include: day-time drowsiness, dizziness, "hangover" feeling; feeling light-headed; problems with coordination; or numbness, tingling, or prickly feeling on your skin. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.   Zaleplon dosing information Usual Adult Dose for Insomnia: 10 mg orally once a day, immediately before bedtime OR after the patient has gone to bed and is having trouble falling asleep -Maximum dose: 20 mg/day Comments: -Doses should be individualized. -Efficacy was established in trials ranging from a single night to 5 weeks. Use: Short-term treatment of insomnia Usual Geriatric Dose for Insomnia: 5 mg orally once a day, immediately before bedtime OR after the patient has gone to bed and is having trouble falling asleep -Maximum dose: 10 mg/day Comments: -Doses should be individualized. -Efficacy was established in trials ranging from a single night to 5 weeks. Use: Short-term treatment of insomnia   What other drugs will affect zaleplon? Using zaleplon with other drugs that make you drowsy or slow your breathing can cause dangerous side effects or death. Ask your doctor before using opioid medication, other sleep medicine, a muscle relaxer, or medicine for anxiety or seizures. Other drugs may affect zaleplon, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any medicine you start or stop using.

What is zidovudine? Zidovudine is an antiviral medicine used to treat HIV, the virus that can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Zidovudine is also given during pregnancy to prevent an HIV-infected woman from passing the virus to her baby. Zidovudine is not a cure for HIV or AIDS. Zidovudine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Warnings You may develop lactic acidosis, a dangerous build-up of lactic acid in your blood. Get emergency medical help if you have unusual muscle pain, trouble breathing, irregular heartbeats, dizziness, vomiting, or if you feel cold, tired, or very weak. Zidovudine can lower blood cells that help your body fight infections and help circulate oxygen. Zidovudine can also cause severe or life-threatening effects on your liver. Call your doctor if you have symptoms such as: fever, flu symptoms, unusual tiredness, mouth sores, pale skin, cold hands and feet, upper stomach pain, dark urine, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Before taking this medicine You should not use zidovudine if you are allergic to it. You may develop lactic acidosis, a dangerous build-up of lactic acid in your blood. This may be more likely if you have other medical conditions, if you've taken HIV medication for a long time, or if you are a woman. Ask your doctor about your risk. Zidovudine can also cause severe or life-threatening effects on your liver. Tell your doctor if you have liver disease, especially hepatitis C. Tell your doctor if you have ever had: kidney disease; muscle problems; a latex allergy (if you receive zidovudine injection); bone marrow suppression; anemia (low red blood cells); or if you drink large amounts of alcohol. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, and use your medications properly to control your infection. HIV can be passed to your baby if the virus is not controlled during pregnancy. Your name may be listed on a registry to track any effects of antiviral medicine on the baby. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast feed a baby. Even if your baby is born without HIV, the virus may be passed to the baby in your breast milk. How should I use zidovudine? Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose. Use the medicine exactly as directed. Zidovudine oral is taken by mouth, usually in combination with other antiviral medications. Zidovudine injection is given as an infusion into a vein. A healthcare provider will give you this injection if you are unable to take the medicine by mouth. Zidovudine oral can be taken with or without food. Measure liquid medicine carefully, especially when giving zidovudine to a baby. Use the dosing syringe provided, or use a medicine dose-measuring device (not a kitchen spoon). Zidovudine doses are based on weight in children. Your child's dose needs may change if the child gains or loses weight. Zidovudine can lower blood cells that help your body fight infections and help circulate oxygen in your body. You may get an infection or feel more tired than usual. Your blood will need to be tested often. Use all HIV medications as directed and read all medication guides you receive. Do not change your dose or dosing schedule without your doctor's advice. Every person with HIV should remain under the care of a doctor. Store zidovudine oral at room temperature away from moisture and heat.   What happens if I miss a dose? Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time. Because you will receive zidovudine injection in a clinical setting, you are not likely to miss a dose. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. What should I avoid while using zidovudine? Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of liver damage or lactic acidosis. Using zidovudine will not prevent your disease from spreading. Do not have unprotected sex or share razors or toothbrushes. Talk with your doctor about safe ways to prevent HIV transmission during sex. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person. Zidovudine side effects Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction (hives, difficult breathing, swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin reaction (fever, sore throat, burning in your eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling). Mild symptoms of lactic acidosis may worsen over time, and this condition can be fatal. Get emergency medical help if you have: unusual muscle pain, trouble breathing, stomach pain, vomiting, irregular heart rate, dizziness, feeling cold, or feeling very weak or tired. Call your doctor at once if you have: low blood cell counts--fever, chills, tiredness, mouth sores, skin sores, easy bruising, unusual bleeding, pale skin, cold hands and feet, feeling light-headed or short of breath; or liver problems--swelling around your midsection, right-sided upper stomach pain, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Zidovudine affects your immune system, which may cause certain side effects (even weeks or months after you've used this medicine). Tell your doctor if you have: signs of a new infection--fever, night sweats, swollen glands, cold sores, cough, wheezing, diarrhea, weight loss; trouble speaking or swallowing, problems with balance or eye movement, weakness or prickly feeling; or swelling in your neck or throat (enlarged thyroid), menstrual changes, impotence. Common side effects may include: headache; fever, general ill feeling; cough; nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite; or loss of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, and buttocks). This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.   What other drugs will affect zidovudine? Tell your doctor about all your other medicines, especially: doxorubicin; ribavirin; stavudine; or other medicines that contains zidovudine (including combination drugs such as Combivir or Trizivir). This list is not complete. Other drugs may affect zidovudine, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible drug interactions are listed here.

What is ziprasidone? Ziprasidone is an antipsychotic medicine. Ziprasidone oral is used to treat schizophrenia and the manic symptoms of bipolar disorder (manic depression). Ziprasidone injection is used to quickly treat agitation in people with schizophrenia. Ziprasidone may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Warnings You should not use ziprasidone if you have a heart rhythm disorder, long QT syndrome, uncontrolled heart failure, or if you have recently had a heart attack. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any you start or stop using. Many drugs can interact, and some drugs should not be used together. Stop taking ziprasidone and call your doctor right away if you have sudden dizziness, fast or pounding heartbeats, fluttering in your chest, shortness of breath, or a new or worsening skin rash with fever, or swollen glands. Ziprasidone is not approved for use in older adults with dementia-related psychosis. Before taking this medicine You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to ziprasidone, or if you have: a heart rhythm disorder; long QT syndrome (in you or a family member); uncontrolled or untreated heart failure; or if you have recently had a heart attack. Ziprasidone can cause a serious heart problem. Your risk may be higher if you also use certain other medicines. Your doctor may change your treatment plan if you also use: an antidepressant; bronchodilator asthma medication; cancer medicine; certain medicines for infections; heart or blood pressure medication; medicine to treat or prevent malaria; medicine to prevent nausea or vomiting; medicine to treat a psychiatric disorder; or medicine to treat HIV or AIDS. Ziprasidone may increase the risk of death in older adults with dementia-related psychosis and is not approved for this use. Tell your doctor if you have ever had: any heart problems; a heart attack or stroke; fainting spells; breast cancer; low blood levels of potassium or magnesium; diabetes (ziprasidone may raise your blood sugar); seizures or epilepsy; suicidal thoughts; Alzheimer's disease; trouble swallowing; liver disease; or kidney disease. Taking antipsychotic medicine in the last 3 months of pregnancy may cause breathing problems, feeding problems, or withdrawal symptoms in the newborn. If you get pregnant, tell your doctor right away. Do not stop taking ziprasidone without your doctor's advice. You should not breastfeed while using this medicine. Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of this medicine. Ziprasidone is not approved for use by anyone younger than 18 years old. How should I take ziprasidone? Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Use the medicine exactly as directed. Ziprasidone oral is taken by mouth. Ziprasidone injection is injected into a muscle. A healthcare provider will give you this injection if you are unable to take the medicine by mouth. Take ziprasidone with food. Swallow the capsule whole. You may need frequent medical tests. If you are diabetic, check your blood sugar levels on a regular basis while you are taking ziprasidone. It may take several weeks before your symptoms improve. Do not stop using ziprasidone suddenly, even if you feel fine. Keep using the medication as directed and tell your doctor if your symptoms do not improve. Store at room temperature away from moisture, light, and heat. What happens if I miss a dose? Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. What should I avoid while taking ziprasidone? While you are taking ziprasidone, you may be more sensitive to extreme temperatures, such as very hot or cold conditions. Avoid getting too cold, or becoming overheated or dehydrated. Drink plenty of fluids, especially in hot weather and during exercise. It is easier to become dangerously overheated and dehydrated while you are taking ziprasidone. Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how ziprasidone will affect you. Dizziness or drowsiness can cause falls, accidents, or severe injuries. Avoid getting up too fast from a sitting or lying position, or you may feel dizzy. Avoid drinking alcohol. Dangerous side effects could occur. Ziprasidone side effects Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction (hives, difficult breathing, swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin reaction (fever, sore throat, burning in your eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling). Seek medical treatment if you have a serious drug reaction that can affect many parts of your body. Symptoms may include: skin rash, fever, swollen glands, muscle aches, severe weakness, unusual bruising, or yellowing of your skin or eyes. Stop using ziprasidone and call your doctor at once if you have: fast or pounding heartbeats, fluttering in your chest, shortness of breath, and sudden dizziness (like you might pass out); uncontrolled muscle movements in your face (chewing, lip smacking, frowning, tongue movement, blinking or eye movement); any skin rash, no matter how mild; low white blood cell counts--fever, mouth sores, skin sores, sore throat, cough, trouble breathing; high blood sugar--increased thirst, increased urination, dry mouth, fruity breath odor; or severe nervous system reaction--very stiff (rigid) muscles, high fever, sweating, confusion, agitation. Common side effects may include: dizziness, drowsiness, weakness; headache; nausea, vomiting; trouble swallowing; weight gain; feeling restless or being unable to sit still; tremors, involuntary muscle movements; vision problems; or runny nose, new or worsening cough. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.   Ziprasidone dosing information Usual Adult Dose for Schizophrenia: Oral: Initial dose: 20 mg orally twice a day Maintenance dose: Adjust as clinically indicated at intervals of not less than 2 days Maximum dose: 100 mg twice a day Comments: A dose greater than 80 mg twice a day is generally not recommended. Intramuscular: Recommended dose: 10 to 20 mg IM; may repeat 10 mg IM every 2 hours or 20 mg IM every 4 hours up to maximum daily dose Maximum dose: 40 mg IM per day Duration of therapy: Use beyond 3 consecutive days has not been studied Comments: -Coadministration of IM ziprasidone to patient's already taking oral ziprasidone has not been studied and is not recommended. -If long-term therapy is indicated, oral capsules should replace IM administration as soon as possible. Uses: -Treatment of schizophrenia (oral) -Acute treatment of agitation in schizophrenia (IM) Usual Adult Dose for Bipolar Disorder: Acute Treatment of Manic or Mixed Episodes: -Initial dose: 40 mg orally twice daily -Increase dose to 60 mg or 80 mg twice daily on the second day; subsequently adjust dose based on tolerance and efficacy within the dose range of 40 to 80 mg orally twice a day Maintenance Treatment (as adjunct to lithium or valproate): -Once stabilized, continue on same dose within the range of 40 to 80 mg orally twice daily. Comments: -The mean ziprasidone dose administered in flexible-dose clinical trials was approximately 120 mg per day. -Monotherapy has not been systematically evaluated for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder. Uses: -As monotherapy for the acute management of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder -As adjunct to lithium or valproate for the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder.   What other drugs will affect ziprasidone? Ziprasidone can cause a serious heart problem. Your risk may be higher if you also use certain other medicines for infections, asthma, heart problems, high blood pressure, depression, mental illness, cancer, malaria, or HIV. Using ziprasidone with other drugs that make you drowsy can worsen this effect. Ask your doctor before using opioid medication, a sleeping pill, a muscle relaxer, or medicine for anxiety or seizures. Many drugs can affect ziprasidone, and some drugs should not be used at the same time. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any medicine you start or stop using. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed here.

What is zolpidem? Zolpidem is a sedative, also called a hypnotic. It affects chemicals in the brain that may be unbalanced in people with sleep problems (insomnia). Zolpidem is used to treat insomnia. The immediate-release forms are Ambien, Intermezzo, Edluar, and Zolpimist, which are used to help you fall asleep. The extended-release form of zolpidem is Ambien CR which has a first layer that dissolves quickly to help you fall asleep, and a second layer that dissolves slowly to help you stay asleep. Ambien, Edluar, and Zolpimist are used to help you fall asleep when you first go to bed. Intermezzo, is used to help you fall back to sleep if you wake up in the middle of the night and then have trouble sleeping. Your doctor will determine which form of zolpidem is best for you. Warnings Zolpidem may cause a severe allergic reaction. Stop taking zolpidem and get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Do not share this medication with another person, even if they have the same symptoms you have. The recommended doses of zolpidem are not the same in men and women, and this drug is not approved for use in children. Misuse of this medication can result in dangerous side effects. Zolpidem may impair your thinking or reactions. You may still feel sleepy the morning after taking this medicine, especially if you take the extended-release tablet, or if you are a woman. Wait at least 4 hours or until you are fully awake before you do anything that requires you to be awake and alert. Never take this medicine in larger amounts or for longer than prescribed. Do not take zolpidem if you have consumed alcohol during the day or just before bed. Before taking this medicine Some people using zolpidem have engaged in activity such as driving, eating, walking, making phone calls, or having sex and later having no memory of the activity. If this happens to you, stop taking zolpidem and talk with your doctor about another treatment for your sleep disorder. You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to zolpidem. The tablets may contain lactose. Use caution if you are sensitive to lactose. Zolpidem is not approved for use by anyone younger than 18 years old. To make sure this medicine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ever had: depression, mental illness, or suicidal thoughts; drug or alcohol addiction; lung disease or breathing problems; sleep apnea (breathing stops during sleep); or liver or kidney disease. Taking zolpidem in the last 3 months of pregnancy may cause drowsiness or breathing problems in your newborn. It may not be safe to breast-feed while using this medicine. Ask your doctor about any risk. How should I take zolpidem? The recommended doses of zolpidem are not the same in men and women, and this drug is not approved for use in children. Take zolpidem exactly as prescribed by your doctor, Follow the directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides. Never use this medicine in larger amounts, or for longer than prescribed. Tell your doctor if you feel an increased urge to take more or increase your dose. Zolpidem may be habit-forming. Misuse can cause addiction, overdose, or death. Selling or giving away this medicine is against the law. Read and carefully follow any Instructions for Use provided with your medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you do not understand these instructions. Never take Ambien, Edluar, or Zolpimist if you do not have a full 7 to 8 hours to sleep before being active again. Do not take Intermezzo for middle-of-the-night insomnia unless you have 4 hours of sleep time left before being active. Zolpidem is for short-term use only. Tell your doctor if your insomnia symptoms do not improve, or if they get worse after using this medication for 7 to 10 nights in a row. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not freeze. Keep the medication in a place where others cannot get to it. Keep the Zolpimist bottle upright when not in use. Do not stop using zolpidem suddenly after long-term use, or you could have unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Ask your doctor how to safely stop using this medicine. Insomnia symptoms may also return after you stop taking zolpidem, and may be even worse than before. Call your doctor if you still have worsened insomnia after the first few nights without taking zolpidem. What happens if I miss a dose? Since zolpidem is taken only at bedtime if needed, you are not likely to miss a dose. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. An overdose of zolpidem can be fatal, especially when it is taken together with other medications that can cause drowsiness. Overdose symptoms may include sleepiness, confusion, shallow breathing, feeling light-headed, fainting, or coma. What to avoid Avoid taking zolpidem during travel, such as to sleep on an airplane. You may be awakened before the effects of the medicine have worn off. Amnesia (forgetfulness) is more common if you do not get a full 7 to 8 hours of sleep after taking this medicine. Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how zolpidem will affect you. You may still feel sleepy in the morning, and your reactions could be impaired. Wait until you are fully awake before you drive, operate machinery, pilot an airplane, or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert. Do not take this medicine if you have consumed alcohol during the day or just before bed. Zolpidem side effects Zolpidem may cause a severe allergic reaction. Stop taking this medicine and get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to zolpidem: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Report any new or worsening symptoms to your doctor, such as: depression, anxiety, aggression, agitation, confusion, unusual thoughts, hallucinations, memory problems, changes in personality, risk-taking behavior, decreased inhibitions, no fear of danger, or thoughts of suicide or hurting yourself. Stop using this medicine and call your doctor at once if you have: chest pain, fast or irregular heartbeat, feeling short of breath; trouble breathing or swallowing; or feeling like you might pass out. The sedative effect of zolpidem may be stronger in older adults. Dizziness or severe drowsiness can cause falls, accidents, or severe injuries. Common zolpidem side effects may include: daytime drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, feeling "drugged" or light-headed; tired feeling, loss of coordination; stuffy nose, dry mouth, nose or throat irritation; nausea, constipation, diarrhea, upset stomach; or headache, muscle pain. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.   Dosing information Usual Adult Dose for Insomnia: IMMEDIATE RELEASE (IR) TABLETS, ORAL SPRAY, and SUBLINGUAL TABLETS (5 and 10 mg formulations): Initial dose: -Women: 5 mg orally once a day immediately prior to bedtime -Men: 5 to 10 mg orally once a day immediately prior to bedtime Maintenance dose: 5 to 10 mg orally once a day immediately prior to bedtime Maximum dose: 10 mg/day CONTROLLED/EXTENDED RELEASE (CR/ER) TABLETS: Initial dose: -Women: 6.25 mg orally once a day immediately prior to bedtime -Men: 6.25 to 12.5 mg orally once a day immediately prior to bedtime Maintenance dose: 6.25 to 12.5 mg orally once a day immediately prior to bedtime Maximum dose: 12.5 mg/day SUBLINGUAL TABLETS (1.75 and 3.5 mg Formulations): Women: 1.75 mg orally once a day at night as needed -Maximum dose: 1.75 mg/day Men: 3.5 mg orally once a day at night as needed -Maximum dose: 3.5 mg/day Comments: -The recommended initial doses for women and men are different due to the lower rate of drug clearance in females. -Clinical trials supporting IR tablet efficacy were 4 to 5 weeks' duration, while CR/ER tablet efficacy were 3 to 24 weeks in duration. -The 1.75 and 3.5 mg sublingual tablet formulations should be taken when the patient wakes in the middle of the night and has trouble falling back to sleep. -LIMITATION OF USE: The 1.75 and 3.5 mg sublingual tablet formulations are not indicated for the treatment of insomnia in patients who have less than 4 hours of bedtime remaining before the planned awakening time. Uses: -IR Tablets, Oral Spray, and Sublingual Tablets (5 and 10 mg Formulations): Short-term treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep initiation -CR/ER Tablets: Treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance (as measured by wake time after sleep onset) -Sublingual Tablets (1.75 and 3.5 mg Formulations): As needed for the treatment of insomnia when a middle-of-the-night awakening is followed by difficulty returning to sleep Usual Geriatric Dose for Insomnia: IR TABLETS, ORAL SPRAY, and SUBLINGUAL TABLETS (5 and 10 mg formulations): 5 mg orally once a day immediately prior to bedtime -Maximum dose: 5 mg/day CR/ER TABLETS: Patients 65 years and over: 6.25 mg orally once a day at night immediately prior to bedtime -Maximum dose: 6.25 mg/day SUBLINGUAL TABLETS (1.75 and 3.5 mg Formulations): Patients over 65 years: 1.75 mg orally once a day at night as needed -Maximum dose: 1.75 mg/day Comments: -Doses are the same in men and women. -Clinical trials supporting IR tablet efficacy were 4 to 5 weeks' duration, while CR/ER tablet efficacy were 3 to 24 weeks in duration. -The 1.75 sublingual tablet formulations should be taken when the patient wakes in the middle of the night and has trouble falling back to sleep. -LIMITATION OF USE: The 1.75 sublingual tablet formulations are not indicated for the treatment of insomnia in patients who have less than 4 hours of bedtime remaining before the planned awakening time. Uses: -IR Tablets, Oral Spray, and Sublingual Tablets (5 and 10 mg Formulations): Short-term treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep initiation -CR/ER Tablets: Treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance (as measured by wake time after sleep onset) -Sublingual Tablets (1.75 and 3.5 mg Formulations): As needed for the treatment of insomnia when a middle-of-the-night awakening is followed by difficulty returning to sleep   What other drugs will affect zolpidem? Using zolpidem with other drugs that make you drowsy can worsen this effect. Ask your doctor before using opioid medication, a sleeping pill, a muscle relaxer, or medicine for anxiety or seizures. Many drugs can interact with zolpidem, making it less effective or increasing side effects. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed here. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any medicine you start or stop using.

What is Zonegran? Zonegran (zonisamide) is a sulfa drug with anti-convulsant effects. Zonegran is a prescription medicine used together with other medicines to treat partial partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. It is not known if Zonegran is safe or effective in children under 16 years of age. Warnings You should not use Zonegran if you are allergic to zonisamide, or to other sulfa drugs such as sulfamethoxazole (Gantanol), sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin), or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra, Sulfatrim, SMX-TMP, and others). A sulfa drug allergic reaction can be fatal. Taking Zonegran can cause permanent vision loss. Tell your doctor right away if you have any eye pain or redness or any changes in your vision. Some people have thoughts about suicide while taking zonisamide. Stay alert to changes in your mood or symptoms. Report any new or worsening symptoms to your doctor. Report any new or worsening symptoms to your doctor, such as: mood or behavior changes, anxiety, panic attacks, trouble sleeping, or if you feel impulsive, irritable, agitated, hostile, aggressive, restless, hyperactive (mentally or physically), more depressed, or have thoughts about suicide or hurting yourself. Zonegran may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert. Do not stop using this medicine without first talking to your doctor, even if you feel fine. You may have increased seizures if you stop using Zonegran suddenly. You may need to use less and less before you stop the medication completely. If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using Zonegran. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time. Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. Before taking this medicine You may not be able to take Zonegran if you have ever had a severe allergic to a sulfa drug. To make sure Zonegran is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ever had: liver disease; kidney disease; high levels of ammonia; stomach flu or illness causing diarrhea; a growth disorder; a bone disorder that causes soft or weak bones or low bone mineral density; depression, or suicidal thoughts or actions; if you have ever had metabolic acidosis (too much acid in your blood); or if you have been on a ketogenic diet (high-fat, high-protein, low-carb). Some people have thoughts about suicide while taking Zonegran. Your doctor will need to check your progress at regular visits. Your family or other caregivers should also be alert to changes in your mood or symptoms. Zonisamide may harm an unborn baby. Use effective birth control to prevent pregnancy, and tell your doctor if you become pregnant. If you are pregnant, your name may be listed on a pregnancy registry to track the effects of zonisamide on the baby. You should not breastfeed while using Zonegran. Zonegran is not approved for use by anyone younger than 16 years old. How should I take Zonegran? Take Zonegran exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose. Zonegran can be taken with or without food. Swallow the capsule whole and do not crush, chew, break, or open it. While using Zonegran, you may need frequent blood tests. Do not stop using Zonegran suddenly, even if you feel fine. Stopping suddenly may cause increased seizures. Follow your doctor's instructions about tapering your dose. Do not share this medicine with another person, even if they have the same symptoms you have. Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Dosing information Usual Adult Dose for Seizures: 16 years of age and older: -Initial dose: 100 mg orally once a day -Titration: After 2 weeks at 100 mg/day, the dose may be increased to 200 mg/day as either a single or divided dose (100 mg orally 2 times a day) for at least 2 weeks; it can then be increased to 300 mg/day, then 400 mg/day either as a single daily dose or divided into 2 daily doses, with the dose stable for at least 2 weeks to achieve steady state at each level -Maintenance dose: 400 mg/day -Maximum dose: 600 mg/day Comments: -This drug may be taken with or without food. -Capsules should be swallowed whole. -Because of the long half-life of this drug, up to 2 weeks may be required to achieve steady state levels upon reaching a stable dose or following dosage adjustment. -The prescriber may wish to prolong the duration of treatment at the lower doses in order to fully assess the effects of this drug at steady state (noting that many of the side effects are more frequent at doses of 300 mg per day and above). Although there is some evidence of greater response at doses above 100 to 200 mg/day, the increase appears small and formal dose response studies have not been conducted. Use: As adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures Usual Pediatric Dose for Seizures: Less than 16 years of age: Not recommended 16 years of age and older: See adult dosing   What happens if I miss a dose? Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Overdose symptoms may include slow heart rate, feeling light-headed, fainting, and slow or shallow breathing. What to avoid Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how Zonegran will affect you. Your reactions could be impaired. Drinking alcohol with this medicine can cause side effects. Zonegran side effects Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to Zonegran: any form of skin rash, hives; fever, swollen glands, feeling weak or tired, severe muscle pain, unusual bruising or bleeding; yellowing of your skin or eyes; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Report any new or worsening symptoms to your doctor, such as: sudden mood or behavior changes, anxiety, panic attacks, trouble sleeping, or if you feel impulsive, irritable, agitated, hostile, aggressive, restless, hyperactive (mentally or physically), depressed, or have thoughts about suicide or hurting yourself. Call your doctor at once if you have: eye pain or redness or any changes in your vision; decreased sweating, feeling very hot; signs of metabolic acidosis - confusion, vomiting, lack of energy, irregular heartbeats; symptoms of a blood cell disorder - fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, sores in your mouth and throat; symptoms of a kidney stone - severe pain in your stomach or lower back, blood in your urine; increased or worsening seizures; the first sign of any skin rash, no matter how mild; or severe skin reaction - fever, sore throat, swelling in your face or tongue, burning in your eyes, skin pain followed by a red or purple skin rash that spreads (especially in the face or upper body) and causes blistering and peeling. Common Zonegran side effects may include: drowsiness, dizziness; problems with memory or concentration; feeling agitated or irritable; loss of coordination, trouble walking; or loss of appetite. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.   What other drugs will affect Zonegran? Taking this medicine with other drugs that make you sleepy can worsen this effect. Ask your doctor before taking Zonegran with a sleeping pill, narcotic pain medicine, muscle relaxer, or medicine for anxiety or depression. Other drugs may interact with zonisamide, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell each of your health care providers about all medicines you use now and any medicine you start or stop using.

What is zonisamide? Zonisamide is used together with other medicines to treat partial seizures in adults and teenagers at least 16 years old. Zonisamide may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Warnings Taking zonisamide can cause permanent vision loss. Tell your doctor right away if you have any eye pain or redness or any changes in your vision. Some people have thoughts about suicide while taking zonisamide. Stay alert to changes in your mood or symptoms. Report any new or worsening symptoms to your doctor. Before taking this medicine You should not use zonisamide if you are allergic to it. You may not be able to take zonisamide if you have ever had a severe allergic to a sulfa drug. Tell your doctor if you have ever had: liver disease; kidney disease; high levels of ammonia; stomach flu or illness causing diarrhea; a growth disorder; a bone disorder that causes soft or weak bones or low bone mineral density; depression, or suicidal thoughts or actions; if you have ever had metabolic acidosis (too much acid in your blood); or if you have been on a ketogenic diet (high-fat, high-protein, low-carb). Some people have thoughts about suicide while taking zonisamide. Your doctor will need to check your progress at regular visits. Your family or other caregivers should also be alert to changes in your mood or symptoms. Zonisamide may harm an unborn baby. Use effective birth control to prevent pregnancy, and tell your doctor if you become pregnant. If you are pregnant, your name may be listed on a pregnancy registry to track the effects of zonisamide on the baby. You should not breastfeed while using zonisamide. Zonisamide is not approved for use by anyone younger than 16 years old. How should I take zonisamide? Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose. Use the medicine exactly as directed. Zonisamide can be taken with or without food. Swallow the capsule whole and do not crush, chew, break, or open it. While using zonisamide, you may need frequent blood tests. Do not stop using zonisamide suddenly, even if you feel fine. Stopping suddenly may cause increased seizures. Follow your doctor's instructions about tapering your dose. Do not share zonisamide with another person, even if they have the same symptoms you have. Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. What happens if I miss a dose? Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Overdose symptoms may include slow heart rate, feeling light-headed, fainting, and slow or shallow breathing. What should I avoid while taking zonisamide? Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how zonisamide will affect you. Your reactions could be impaired. Drinking alcohol with this medicine can cause side effects. Zonisamide side effects Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: any form of skin rash, hives; fever, swollen glands, feeling weak or tired, severe muscle pain, unusual bruising or bleeding; yellowing of your skin or eyes; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Report any new or worsening symptoms to your doctor, such as: sudden mood or behavior changes, anxiety, panic attacks, trouble sleeping, or if you feel impulsive, irritable, agitated, hostile, aggressive, restless, hyperactive (mentally or physically), depressed, or have thoughts about suicide or hurting yourself. Call your doctor at once if you have: eye pain or redness or any changes in your vision; decreased sweating, feeling very hot; signs of metabolic acidosis--confusion, vomiting, lack of energy, irregular heartbeats; symptoms of a blood cell disorder--fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, sores in your mouth and throat; symptoms of a kidney stone--severe pain in your stomach or lower back, blood in your urine; increased or worsening seizures; the first sign of any skin rash, no matter how mild; or severe skin reaction--fever, sore throat, swelling in your face or tongue, burning in your eyes, skin pain followed by a red or purple skin rash that spreads (especially in the face or upper body) and causes blistering and peeling. Common side effects may include: drowsiness, dizziness; problems with memory or concentration; feeling agitated or irritable; loss of coordination, trouble walking; or loss of appetite. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Zonisamide side effects (more detail) Zonisamide dosing information Usual Adult Dose for Seizures: 16 years of age and older: -Initial dose: 100 mg orally once a day -Titration: After 2 weeks at 100 mg/day, the dose may be increased to 200 mg/day as either a single or divided dose (100 mg orally 2 times a day) for at least 2 weeks; it can then be increased to 300 mg/day, then 400 mg/day either as a single daily dose or divided into 2 daily doses, with the dose stable for at least 2 weeks to achieve steady state at each level -Maintenance dose: 400 mg/day -Maximum dose: 600 mg/day Comments: -This drug may be taken with or without food. -Capsules should be swallowed whole. -Because of the long half-life of this drug, up to 2 weeks may be required to achieve steady state levels upon reaching a stable dose or following dosage adjustment. -The prescriber may wish to prolong the duration of treatment at the lower doses in order to fully assess the effects of this drug at steady state (noting that many of the side effects are more frequent at doses of 300 mg per day and above). Although there is some evidence of greater response at doses above 100 to 200 mg/day, the increase appears small and formal dose response studies have not been conducted. Use: As adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures Usual Pediatric Dose for Seizures: Less than 16 years of age: Not recommended 16 years of age and older: See adult dosing Detailed Zonisamide dosage information What other drugs will affect zonisamide? Taking zonisamide with other drugs that make you sleepy can worsen this effect. Ask your doctor before taking zonisamide with a sleeping pill, narcotic pain medicine, muscle relaxer, or medicine for anxiety or depression. Other drugs may interact with zonisamide, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell each of your health care providers about all medicines you use now and any medicine you start or stop using.